Relationships Essay -- essays research papers

How have three writings you have considered upgraded your comprehension of connections? Allude to Maestro and two different writings based on your personal preference? Connections are an unpredictable piece of today’s society and influence all zones. All connections are unique, and they impact the choices made by individuals and others around them. The three writings ‘Maestro’ by Peter Goldsworthy, ‘Dead Poets Society’ coordinated by Peter Weir and ‘Goodnight Mr Tom’ by Michelle Magorian all upgrade the comprehension of connections. These three messages, all show different sorts of connections, are totally introduced in different ways. The fundamental relationship introduced in ‘Maestro’ includes the improbable kinship created between an educator (Keller) and his understudy (Paul). The primary relationship in ‘Goodnight Mr Tom’ is somewhat comparable and includes the connection between an old man (Tom) and an evacuee he had to take on-a little fellow (Willie). At last the principle relationship uncovered in ‘Dead Poets Society’ is between an instructor (John Keating) and his understudies including Neil and Todd. These connections in these writings upgrade ones comprehension of connections by procedures utilized. ‘Maestro’s’ one of a kind strategy, isn't just the utilization of first individual, however how the entire story is a mix of flashbacks and recollections by the storyteller Paul of when ‘he was just a child’. From this point of view, the storyteller thinks about back this charmed time of youth and immaturity. His relationship with Keller is freezing from the outset, and we realize this is misdirecting through the main line when Paul cites ‘First Impressions? Misdirecting, obviously. As always’. The primary section is about Paul and Keller, and how they don't get along. Through the principal line, we realize this is a bogus impression of their relationship and that it will improve. This line Paul presents, for the most part portrays all connections. They are bogus on early introductions, as the individual isn't comfortable to you. ‘Goodnight Mr Tom’ has a conventional format, with ordered parts, and written in third individual. At the point when Tom initially meets Willie, it is a cumbersome encounter for Tom, and a terrifying encounter for Willie as to Willie Mr Tom ‘was a transcending goliath with skin like coarse, wrinkled earthy colored paper and a voice like thunder’. Anyway as one proceeds through the book it is perceived that William Beech and his relationship with Mr.... ...es, also, he genuinely accepts that he can't compose verse. Be that as it may, John Keating neither gives him a "F" nor lets him plunk down anyway causes Todd to put stock in himself. He says: "Mr. Anderson imagines that everything within him is useless and humiliating, isn't that correct Todd, isn't that your most noticeably terrible dread? All things considered, I believe you're off-base, I think you have something within you that merits an incredible deal." Saying this was sufficient to cause Todd to accept that he is similarly as some other understudies of his group can compose a sonnet. At the point when people experience achievement, they develop in self-assurance and as their confidence develops, they will feel progressively good to confront new difficulties. Weir attempts to pass on that occasionally to accomplish that certainty, a guide is required, somebody who can bring you up when you are down. The books ‘Maestro’ by Peter Goldsworthy, ‘Goodnight Mr Tom’ by Michelle Magorian and ‘Dead Poets Society’ coordinated by Peter Weir all pass on different messages to improve the comprehension of connections. Using different procedures, for example, portrayal, topics, and music, these writings accentuate the significance and estimation of connections.

The effects of coaching on nurse turnover Research Paper

The impacts of instructing on nurture turnover - Research Paper Example The wide extent of information assortment through triangulation will then again guarantee unwavering quality of results and finish of the examination. The speculation is significant in light of the fact that it will encourage assessment of the exploration question to decide if training that is offered to medical caretakers affects their likelihood of leaving the calling. The examination issue, connection between nurses’ turnover and training is then again significant in light of the fact that it will help in assessing instructing as a potential answer for nurture portability and deficiency. The examination subsequently has a capability of introducing an answer for the emergency in the nursing calling. Research plan This area talks about the examination approach and structures to be embraced. It characterizes the proposed approach along with its related points of interest and detriments. It additionally offers a diagram of the plan to be received and a correlation with elective structures other than depicting the methodology for the examination study. Research approach The exploration will apply quantitative methodology in its techniques. This is on the grounds that the idea of information to be gathered just as the exploration question to be addressed suits the quantitative methodology. Quantitative research for instance takes into account trial of speculation other than assessment of quantifiable factors. Quantitative research approach has various favorable circumstances. It for instance, when appropriately embraced, ensures unwavering quality of the outcomes and henceforth ends. This is a result of its use of measurable instruments in investigation to communicate the genuine highlights of the gathered information. The examination in quantitative methodology is consequently liberated from control dependent on the researcher’s perspectives and... The fundamental point of the investigation is the assurance of presence of a huge connection between training of nursing work force and the turnover rate. So as to accomplish this, the examination expects to gather both essential and optional information over participants’ recognition on the two factors. While optional information will be looked for from existing distributions, essential information will be acquired through structured surveys to be controlled to examined members. The exploration will additionally utilize randomized plan in testing to limit odds of biasness for unwavering quality. Likewise, triangulation of information will be created through choosing various associates of respondents that will incorporate students, mentors, and various subsets of enrolled medical caretakers. Information in the two factors will be gathered in numeric scale with instructing being estimated regarding viability and versatility being estimated as far as likelihood. The outcomes wil l at that point be investigated to assess presence of a relationship to address the exploration question. In light of the outcome, the examination will suggest vital measures towards finding an answer for the exceptionally detailed turnover rates.

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 Having endorsed the Adams-Onã ­s Treaty in 1821, the United States authoritatively bought Florida from Spain. Taking control, American authorities closed the Treaty of Moultrie Creek two years after the fact which built up an enormous reservation in focal Florida for the Seminoles. By 1827, most of the Seminoles had moved to the booking and Fort King (Ocala) was built close by under the direction of Colonel Duncan L. Secure. In spite of the fact that the following five years were to a great extent tranquil, some started to require the Seminoles to be moved west of the Mississippi River. This was in part determined by issues rotating around the Seminoles giving haven to got away from slaves, a gathering that got known as the Black Seminoles. Moreover, the Seminoles were progressively leaving the booking as chasing on their properties was poor. Seeds of Conflict With an end goal to wipe out the Seminole issue, Washington passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which required their migration west. Meeting at Paynes Landing, FL in 1832, authorities talked about movement with the main Seminole boss. Going to an understanding, the Treaty of Paynes Landing expressed that the Seminoles would move if a committee of boss concurred that the grounds in the west were reasonable. Visiting the grounds close to the Creek Reservation, the gathering concurred and marked a record expressing that the terrains were worthy. Coming back to Florida, they immediately disavowed their past proclamation and asserted they had been compelled to sign the archive. In spite of this, the settlement was sanctioned by the US Senate and the Seminoles were given three years complete their turn. The Seminoles Attack In October 1834, the Seminole boss educated the operator at Fort King, Wiley Thompson, that they had no goal of moving. While Thompson started accepting reports that the Seminoles were gathering weapons, Clinch cautioned Washington that power might be required to propel the Seminoles to migrate. After further conversations in 1835, a portion of the Seminole boss consented to move, anyway the most impressive cannot. With the circumstance crumbling, Thompson remove the offer of weapons to the Seminoles. As the year advanced, minor assaults started happening around Florida. As these escalated, the domain started getting ready for war. In December, with an end goal to strengthen Fort King, the US Army coordinated Major Francis Dade to take two organizations north from Fort Brooke (Tampa). As they walked, they were shadowed by the Seminoles. On December 28, the Seminoles assaulted, executing everything except two of Dades 110 men. That equivalent day, a gathering drove by the warrior Osce ola trapped and killed Thompson. Gaines Response Accordingly, Clinch moved south and faced an uncertain conflict with the Seminoles on December 31 close to their base in the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. As the war immediately raised, Major General Winfield Scott was accused of killing the Seminole danger. His first activity was to coordinate Brigadier General Edmund P. Gaines to assault with a power of around 1,100 regulars and volunteers. Showing up at Fort Brooke from New Orleans, Gaines troops started moving towards Fort King. En route, they covered the collections of Dades order. Showing up at Fort King, they thought that it was lacking in provisions. In the wake of meeting with Clinch, who was based at Fort Drane toward the north, Gaines chose for come back to Fort Brooke through the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. Moving along the waterway in February, he drew in the Seminoles in mid-February. Incapable to progress and knowing there were no provisions at Fort King, he chose for brace his position. Fixed in, Gaines was sa ved toward the beginning of March by Clinchs men who had descended from Fort Drane (Map). Scott in the Field With Gaines disappointment, Scott chose for assume responsibility for tasks face to face. A legend of the War of 1812, he arranged a huge scope crusade against the Cove which called for 5,000 men in three sections to strike the zone in show. In spite of the fact that each of the three segments should be set up on March 25, delays resulted and they were not prepared until March 30. Going with a section drove by Clinch, Scott entered the Cove however found that the Seminole towns had been deserted. Short on provisions, Scott pulled back to Fort Brooke. As the spring advanced, Seminole assaults and the rate of illness expanded convincing the US Army to pull back from key posts, for example, Forts King and Drane. Looking to reverse the situation, Governor Richard K. Call took the field with a power of volunteers in September. While an underlying effort up the Withlacoochee fizzled, a second in November saw him draw in the Seminoles in the Battle of Wahoo Swamp. Unfit to progress during t he battling, Call fell back to Volusia, FL. Jesup in Command On December 9, 1836, Major General Thomas Jesup eased Call. Successful in the Creek War of 1836, Jesup looked to granulate down the Seminoles and his powers at last expanded to around 9,000 men. Working related to the US Navy and Marine Corps, Jesup started to turn American fortunes. On January 26, 1837, American powers won a triumph at Hatchee-Lustee. Presently, the Seminole boss drew nearer Jesup with respect to a ceasefire. Meeting in March, an understanding was arrived at which would permit the Seminoles to move west with their negroes, [and] their real property. As the Seminoles came into camps, they were addressed by slave catchers and obligation authorities. With relations again exacerbating, two Seminole pioneers, Osceola and Sam Jones, showed up and drove away around 700 Seminoles. Maddened by this, Jesup continued activities and started sending assaulting parties into Seminole domain. Over the span of these, his men caught the pioneers King Philip and Uchee Billy. With an end goal to close the issue, Jesup started depending on cunning to catch Seminole pioneers. In October, he captured King Philips child, Coacoochee, in the wake of driving his dad to compose a letter mentioning a gathering. That equivalent month, Jesup organized a gathering with Osceola and Coa Hadjo. In spite of the fact that the two Seminole pioneers showed up under a banner of détente, they were immediately taken prisoner. While Osceola would pass on of jungle fever three months after the fact, Coacoochee got away from imprisonment. Later that fall, Jesup utilized an appointment of Cherokees to draw out extra Seminole pioneers with the goal that they could be captured. Simultaneously, Jesup attempted to fabricate an enormous military power. Separated into three sections, he looked to constrain the rest of the Seminoles south. One of these segments, drove by Colonel Zachary Taylor experienced a solid Seminole power, drove by Alligator, on Christmas Day. Assaulting, Taylor w on a wicked triumph at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee. As Jesups powers joined together and proceeded with their crusade, a consolidated Army-Navy power took on a harsh conflict at Jupiter Inlet on January 12, 1838. Compelled to fall back, their retreat was secured by Lieutenant Joseph E. Johnston. After twelve days, Jesups armed force won triumph close by at the Battle of Loxahatchee. The next month, driving Seminole boss drew nearer Jesup and offered to quit battling whenever given a booking in southern Florida. While Jesup supported this methodology, it was declined by the War Department and he was requested to keep battling. As an enormous number of Seminoles had assembled around his camp, he educated them regarding Washingtons choice and immediately confined them. Tired of the contention, Jesup requested to be diminished and was supplanted by Taylor, who was elevated to brigadier general, in May. Taylor Takes Charge Working with diminished powers, Taylor tried to secure northern Florida so pioneers could come back to their homes. With an end goal to make sure about the locale, the built a progression of little fortresses associated by streets. While these secured American pilgrims, Taylor utilized bigger arrangements to search out the rest of the Seminoles. This methodology was generally fruitful and battling calmed during the last piece of 1838. With an end goal to finish up the war, President Martin Van Buren dispatched Major General Alexander Macomb to make harmony. After a moderate beginning, arrangements at long last delivered a harmony bargain on May 19, 1839 which took into consideration a booking in southern Florida. The harmony held for barely two months and finished when Seminoles assaulted Colonel William Harneys order at an exchanging post along the Caloosahatchee River on July 23. In the wake of this episode, assaults and ambushes of American soldiers and pioneers continued. In May 1840, Taylor was allowed an exchange and supplanted with Brigadier General Walker K. Armistead. Expanding the Pressure Attacking, Armistead crusaded in the late spring notwithstanding the climate and danger of sickness. Striking at Seminole harvests and settlements, he looked to deny them of provisions and food. Turning over the guard of northern Florida to the civilian army, Armistead kept on constraining the Seminoles. Regardless of a Seminole assault on Indian Key in August, American powers proceeded with the hostile and Harney directed an effective assault into the Everglades in December. Notwithstanding military movement, Armistead utilized an arrangement of pay-offs and promptings to persuade different Seminole pioneers to take their groups west. Giving tasks to Colonel William J. Worth in May 1841, Armistead left Florida. Proceeding Armisteads arrangement of strikes throughout that mid year, Worth freed the Cove from the Withlacoochee and quite a bit of northern Florida. Catching Coacoochee on June 4, he utilized the Seminole head to get the individuals who were standing up to. This demonstrated incompletely effective. In November, US troops assaulted into the Big Cypress Swamp and consumed a few towns. With battling slowing down in mid 1842, Worth suggested leaving the rest of the Seminoles set up in the event that they would stay on a casual reservation in southern Florida. In August, Worth met with the Seminole heads and offered last promptings to move.

Strategic Managment Assignment Essays

Key Managment Assignment Essays Key Managment Assignment Essay Key Managment Assignment Essay IS AN INCENTIVE PROGRAM APPROPRIATE? Clarify YOUR POSITION? Answer: taking a gander at the present situation, motivator program is extremely suitable. This is on the grounds that, it help the business to recognize the different components like inspiration, abilities, acknowledgment, and so forth for a representative. Motivating force program can likewise be utilized to counter disappointment in the associations I. e. disappointment in meeting targets, poor conduct, or execution 2) IF SO, SHOULD THERE BE ONE, TWO OR SEVERAL PLANS? Answer: There ought to be a few impetuses programs like point program, worker motivators (which can be utilized to build representative good), deals motivations (which can be utilized to drive deals and lessen expenses and increment benefits). Different sorts of motivating forces can be bunch motivators. This is on the grounds that here, they need to work in gatherings. 3) WHO SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: For the motivating force program, all the gatherings and people (representatives, line administrators and low line laborers) ought to be incorporated. 4) WHAT SHOULD BE THE BASIS FOR INCENTIVE PAYMENT? Answer: Â performanceâ appraisal, chiefs judgment, and so on ) WHAT KIND OF INCENTIVES SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: The different motivations that ought to be incorporated here are increase sharing and benefit sharing motivators. Different motivating forces can resemble money rewards, rate increment in base compensation, and other non-money prizes. EXERCISE 11. 1) WHAT WERE THE KEY VA RIABLES YOU CONSIDER IN YOUR SELECTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP BASED PFP SYSTEM? Answer: The different factors that ought to be considered are as per the following: a)workers esteems outcomes(money, prizes) b) Outcome is esteemed comparative with different prizes. c) Desired execution must be quantifiable. d) Workers must have the option to control pace of yield or quality. ) Workers must be fit for expanding yield or quality. f) Workers must accept that ability to build exists. g) Workers must accept that expanded yield will bring about getting a prize. h) Size of remuneration must be adequate to animate expanded exertion. I) Performance estimates must be perfect with key objectives for short and long haul. 3) WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WOULD LEAD YOU TO CONCLUDE THAT A PFP SYSTEM WOULD NOT BE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE ORGANIZATION? Answer: The different conditions that would prompt disappointment of a PFP framework would be as per the following: a) Poor saw association among execution and pay ) The degree of execution based compensation is excessively low comparative with base compensation. The expense of all the more exceptionally persuading projects might be restrictive. c) Lack of target, countable outcomes for most employments, requiring the utilization of execution evaluations. d) Faulty execution examination framework, with poor participation for supervisors, tolerance inclination in the evaluation, and protection from change. e) Union protection from such framework and to change when all is said in done. f) Poor association between PFP results and corporate execution measures.

How to Reduce Tension With Progressive Muscle Relaxation

How to Reduce Tension With Progressive Muscle Relaxation Stress Management Management Techniques Relaxation Print Reduce Tension With Progressive Muscle Relaxation By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on May 31, 2019 Compassionate Eye Foundation / Justin Pumfrey / Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Relaxation Physical Techniques Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is an effective technique for reducing overall body tension as well as psychological stress. This simple technique involves the tensing and relaxing of all of the major muscles in your body in order from your head to your feet.  By tensing your muscles before relaxing them, you enable yourself to relax them more thoroughly after you release, letting go of physical tension more effectively. Fortunately, it can be easily learned and practiced virtually anywhere. Research shows that relaxing your body physically can also release psychological tension and stress, minimizing your stress reactivity and decreasing your experience of chronic stress.  There are other effective ways to minimize psychological and emotional stress, but PMR can offer you one more tool to manage stress, which can help you to build your resilience overall. With regular practice, the relaxation triggered by the PMR technique can come more quickly and automatically, making it a great go-to technique for many situations that involve physical tension. As you practice tensing and relaxing all of your bodys muscle groups, you can move to a shortened version of this activity, known as  Deep Muscle Relaxation, where you rapidly relax your whole body. (When practicing DMR, I like to imagine relaxation streaming from my head to my feet like water being poured, and gently engulfing me.)  As you reduce the tension you carry in your body, your whole being will feel less stress and you will enjoy increased physical and emotional health. How to Do Progressive Muscle Relaxation Here’s how to get started: Find Some Time.  Block off at least 15 minutes to begin.  I recommend setting an alarm for yourself, in case you fall asleep. (This will allow you to relax more completely, knowing you wont lose track of time.)  I also recommend finding a private place so youll feel more comfortable with step #3.Sit and Make Yourself Comfortable.  After finding a quiet place and several free minutes to practice progressive muscle relaxation, sit or lie down and make yourself comfortable.  Its more effective to stretch out and lie down, but if you dont have room to lie down, sitting in a comfortable chair is fine as well.  Unfold your arms, however, and uncross your legs so that you have easy circulation and your body is able to really relax.Start With Your Face.  Begin by tensing all the muscles in your face and scalp. Make a tight grimace, close your eyes as tightly as possible, clench your teeth, even move your ears up if you can. Hold this for the count of eight as you inhale.Let Go of Your Tensio n.  Now exhale and relax completely. Let your face go completely lax, as though you were sleeping. Feel the tension seep from your facial muscles, and enjoy the feeling.  Take your time and relax completely before you move onto the next step.  You can repeat this step until your face feels thoroughly relaxed if desired.Move to Your Neck.  Next, completely tense your neck and shoulders, again inhaling and counting to eight. Then exhale and relax.  Again, this step can be repeated until you feel absolutely relaxed in this area, particularly because many people carry tension in their neck and shoulder muscles.  Take your time, and let yourself go.Work Your Way Down.  Continue down your body, repeating the procedure with the following muscle groups:chestabdomenentire right armright forearm and hand (making a fist)right handentire left armleft forearm and hand (again, making a fist)left handbuttocksentire right leglower right leg and footright footentire left leglower left leg and footle ft footfaceneck, shoulders, and armsabdomen and chestbuttocks, legs, and feetPractice.  Then Abbreviate.  For the shortened version, which includes just four main muscle groups, quickly focus on each group one after the other. With practice, you can relax your body like ‘liquid relaxation’ poured on your head and it flowed down and completely covered you. A Word From Verywell This takes practice, of course, but it may take less time to develop this skill than you may imagine. Once youre able to relax your body from head to toe, your mind will feel more relaxed as well, and your overall stress levels will decrease as well.  This exercise can help you to minimize chronic stress and build resilience to the stress you face in the future. You can use progressive muscle relaxation to quickly de-stress any time, making it a wonderfully effective tool.

The Industrial Revolution Environmental - Free Essay Example

Isaiah Kessler Womack A05 Assignment #3 Rough Draft 19 November 2018 The Industrial Revolution: Environmental Decay in 18th Century Britain The Industrial Revolution followed colonialism and is marked as the time in which we as human beings progressed into the modern age. During the time of the Industrial Revolution there was a great expanse in technological innovations and many changes to human society. Major countries, such as Britain and the United states, that underwent large scale industrialization, turned into hubs of manufacturing and consumerism. Economics was fueled by supply and demand of product and the capitalist desire for wealth. During this time many new inventions came forward as many entrepreneurs driven by the alluring dream of wealth and power pushed to earn a living. Philosophers such as Thomas Malthus published new ideas about society and different ideologies revolving around the expansion of human population and consumption. However, it was during this time that environmental policy took to the back-burner. With new theories of economics and societal structures such as Capitalism, Socialism, and Utopianism taking shape, the environment as a social and economic concern lost viability and was removed from the scope of concern. An example of economics taking precedence over the environment is the introduction of coal as a main source of power and its heavy consumption which lead to huge environmental implications but great economic gain. The issue with these new social constructions was that they were concerned primarily with the success of man economically, and less concerned with the progress of man in the long run. Many philosophers talked about making money but then depleted the resources needed to make their money. Thomas Malthus actually predicted this over expansion and consumption when he said that population would outgrow its resources as a result of the Industrial Revolution (Chang). Entrepreneurs effectively dried their wells, which inspires me to ask the following question: How did the Industrial Revolution in Britain situated men against the natural world in terms of resources and control? My assertion is that during the Industrial Revolution in Britain environmental issues appear as a result of lack of understanding that assets must be protected in order to maintain growth and wealth. Environmental issues, which emerged during the Industrial Revolution in 18th Century Britain, were the byproduct of changing attitudes of mans relationship to his environment. This attitude was sculpted by several reasons; greater resource demands for capitalist growth, cultural systematic consumption, and changes in living habits by human beings. Understanding of the development of this attitude toward the environment is important to scholars today because as it stands our environment in in peril and to have any chance of future success, the errors of the past should be understood and acknowledged. There are several views on what really caused the change in relationship between man and the environment. For example, scholars such as Murphy and Grove claim that the cause of environmental neglect was a result of colonialism and the mindset of the control of the natural world. Domination and control were the premise behind colonial expansion and with this came a desire to dominate the natural world. Both Murphy and Grove explain that colonialism created a new understanding and relationship with the environment. This relationship involved controlling it and using the resources for ones own needs. The desire for new trading commodities leads to the utilization of natural resources and the eventual decline of the environment (Murphy 8). For example, ungulate grazing in Mexico by Spanish conquistadors resulted in a huge change to the landscape and environment in central Mexico (Melville 9). Colonialism progressed as a viable economic resource for wealthier nations and was very prevalent as a cause of climate change and global warming. Demand for resources was the beginning of man against nature, but it wasnt the defining moment that set our current track. It wasnt until the Industrial Revolution that there was a solidification of the use of resources for gain. There were new resources that had never been utilized prior to the development of technology. It is true that the impacts of colonialism were great, but the ideology of colonialism did not set up human beings for future decline. It is also possible to argue that the agricultural revolution is the cause for the mindset of man against nature. As ancient peoples first began to develop agriculture they often burned and destroyed natural forests to replace them with crops and pasture land. This movement from nomadic life to sedentary life was a primary cause for overall environmental decline (Gautschi). Human progression as a result of the agricultural revolution was a major cause for the beginnings of climate change and landscape changes. Many groups that were once mobile became stagnant and thus their impact was magnified. Concentrations of waste and consumption lead to greater decline of the environment as before the stagnation of populations the land had time to naturally recover from human interaction. The change from nomadic to stagnant life may very well be the start of all humans trouble with the environment, however with the development of industrial practice and the movement of more people into city centers there was an exponential growth of impact during the Industrial Revolution and into the modern age. The development of technology and discovery of new resources ultimately lead to the proliferation of environmental degradation; to a large extent the social and environmental impacts of resource frontiers were shaped by markets, innovation, and industrialization (Murphy 10). Progress of man leads to the decline of the environment and it was during the Industrial Revolution that historians can see one of the greatest booms in technological and societal advancement. This is especially prevalent in large nations such as Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries. Both industrialization and colonialism shared many ideals and basic premises that were realized and put into practice on a greater scale during the Industrial Revolution. Colonialism was simply a foundation for the Industrial Revolution and imperialism was the result of it. Resource consumption during early colonialism was hardly anything compared to the destruction wrought by the industrialization of major nations such as Britain and the imperialism that followed. Also, we see many thinkers during colonialism talk about domination of the natural world while in the industrial age the focus was on mastery of this world (Pisani). The difference between mastery and domination is that mastery is a complete control while domination is an exercise of control or dominance. During colonialism the main premise was the consumption of resources from other places where the impacts were seldom seen as they were out of sight and out of mind. Britain being a major contributor to colonialism was primarily focused on the acquisition of goods such as sugar and other commodities that were produced outside of its own borders. The Industrial Revolution marked the movement of production to the home front. In Britain, there was greater resource demand as a result of invention, capitalism, profiteering and desire for economic prosperity. This is demonstrated by Kenneth Sokoloff who presents a sample of patent records in the United states in the years 1790 through 1846 as an example to study and understand the trend of inventive activity during the Industrial Revolution. It becomes apparent that patenting was pro-cyclical and grew rapidly despite the hinderance of trade following the war of 1812. There is a strong correlation between patenting, inventive activity and market growth and this is a positive relationship where one benefits the other while also being improved. Changes in cultural attitudes, prosperity of investment, new methods of information transfer, production, specialization, resource availability and inventive behavior all were involved in industrial growth, which directly impacted/influenced the relationship with man and his surrounding environment (Sokoloff). This development is important to understand in the realm of mans interaction with the environment in that as man has a desire to create, he must inevitably consume. To create something new you must first consume and destroy the old and basic resource in order to make a new product. In the case of the Industrial Revolution the old is resources and the new is a shiny and exciting commodity. In this time of new creation also came the development of consumerism. Consumerism was initially born in 18th century Britain and was later spread to the United States and other more developed nations. We see consumerism sprout up with the introduction of slavery and the racialization of Africans as commodities and the development of cash crops. Many farmers began growing and producing products such as sugar and other unnecessary items rather than what was needed. This was also the beginning of the development of a more capitalist and wealth driven society. We see the development of the market system and the transition of views on self-gain from negative to positive. The economic mindset of the market system would leave the modern world essentially an economic world and the period of 1750-1914 became an era of the capitalist entrepreneur (Chang Lec. 1). It is in this time period that the Industrial Revolution occurred situating itself as the center piece for the development of the modern age and a movement into resource consumption on a non-sustainable level. Sustainability is the concept of allowing the environment to recover and with large expansions in production and usage it was not able to. The Industrial Revolution was characterized by the disregard for sustainability in favor of economic prosperity. The focus changed from the success as a collective to the success of the individual and the desire for consumption became the focal point f or development. The natural human desire for consumption and the development of cultural systematic destruction of the environment became most prevalent during the Industrial Revolution. Jacobus A Du. Pisani gives a excellent description of the human desire to control his environment and to become successful; As the Industrial Revolution was unfolding on the world stage from the 18th century, irrevocably transforming human societies, human progress was also linked to economic growth and material advancement. Donald Worster (1993: 178, 179, 180) describes how industrialization caused ?the greatest revolution in outlook that has ever taken place by leading people to think that it is right for them to dominate the natural order and radically transform it into consumer goods, that it is necessary and acceptable to ravage the landscape in the pursuit of maximum economic production, and that only things produced by industry and placed on the market for sale have value. (Pisani). We see that during the revolution there is little value in raw materials, but that value is found rather in consumer items and purchasable items like cigars and sewing machines. This trend progressed into the modern era as little value is placed on raw materials but rather on items that require some form of production. As a society Britain and other more developed nations saw the creation of jobs not associated with production as there are none available. There is a class of workers who are not producers, but solely consumers. As workers they are used for jobs such as book keeping or banking. They make money for the sole purpose of redistribution into the economic system, even if they are under the impression that it is for their own economic prosperity. Thus, the development of an entire class of consumers dedicated to helping the market system succeed. Today this has gotten to a point of being where there are not enough jobs and yet people without jobs are still consuming goods. This trend leads to more unsustainable consumption and the environment is further damaged. As a collective, humans have stopped producing for necessity but rather for economic gain. This desire for prosperity and success clouds the ability to see the repercussions. It was Thomas Hobbes that said that mans motivation for conflict stemmed from three main sources: Competition for gain, Diffidence for safety and Glory for reputation. He describes these motivations as human nature and that man cannot be blamed for them (Chang Lec. 2). As basic needs of man are consistently fulfilled he can look for s uccess in higher tiers of need. His position in society and his wealth become a primary concern as food and shelter or always a given. As society modernized the connection between man and the environment became less mutual and more parasitic as man began to give less and take more. Man relied less on the natural world and began to urbanize, separating themselves from the environment. During the Industrial Revolution there was a major change in human living habits and a mass influx of populations into more concentrated areas and cities. We see that during the Industrial Revolution there is a mass movement toward urban centers and cities as this is where work was available. Human beings crowded into these concrete and steel jungles and this resulted in an amplification of environmental impacts. There was a rampant spread of disease, and pollution was magnified by large numbers being collected into smaller areas. In Principles of Political Economy, first published in 1848, John Stuart Mill included a short chapter on the ?stationary state, which implied a stationary condition of capital and population, but not of human improvement. He states, I sincerely hope, for the sake of posterity, that the worlds population ?will be content to be stationary, long before necessity compels them to it (Mill 1883: 452 454). Mill was essentially stating that as human beings we should strive to continue to develop and be prepared for a stagnant lifestyle long before we are forced to live in one. With the industrial age came a mass movement to city life and humans became increasingly more stagnant. Just as stagnant water breeds bacteria and disease so do stagnant humans. As more jobs were in factories people moved to where the jobs were, at no fault of their own, as they had to move with the progress of production. During the Industrial Revolution in Britain environmental issues appear as a result of lack of understanding that assets must be protected in order to maintain growth and wealth. The attitude of man shifted from collective success to that of the individual. Environmental issues, which emerged during the Industrial Revolution in 18th Century Britain, were the byproduct of changing attitudes of mans relationship to his environment. This change in attitude was developed by several factors; greater resource demands for capitalist growth, cultural systematic consumption, and changes in living habits by human beings. Understanding of the development of this attitude toward the environment is important to scholars today because as it stands our environment is in peril and to have any chance of future success, the errors of the past should be understood and acknowledged. From the Industrial Revolution starting in Britain and outward into the modern age there has been a trend of disregard for the earth in favor of economic success.

Why Do You Add Salt to Boiling Water

Why do you add salt to boiling water? There are a couple of answers to this common cooking question.   Salting Water for Cooking Usually, you add salt to water in order to boil the water to cook rice or pasta. Adding salt to water adds flavor to the water, which is absorbed by the food. Salt enhances the ability of chemoreceptors in the tongue to detect molecules that are perceived through the sense of taste. This is really the only valid reason, as youll see. Another reason salt is added to water is because it increases the boiling point of the water, meaning your water will have a higher temperature when you add the pasta, so it will cook better. Thats how it works in theory. In reality, you would need to add 230 grams of table salt to a liter of water just to raise the boiling point by 2 ° C. That is 58 grams per half degree Celsius for each liter or kilogram of water. That is much more salt than anyone would care to have in their food. Were talking saltier than the ocean levels of salt. Although adding salt to water raises its boiling point, its worth noting the salted water actually boils more quickly. That seems counter-intuitive, but you can easily test it yourself. Put two containers on a stove or hot plate to boil -- one with pure water and the other with 20% salt in water. Why does the salted water boil more quickly, even though it has a higher boiling point? Its because adding the salt lowered the heat capacity of the water. The heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 °C. Pure water has an incredibly high heat capacity. When heating up salt water, youve got a solution of a solute (salt, which has a very low heat capacity) in water. Essentially, in a 20% salt solution, you lose so much resistance to heating that the salted water boils much more quickly. Some people prefer to add salt to water after it has boiled. Obviously, this doesnt speed the rate of boiling at all because the salt is added after the fact. However, it may help protect metal pots from  corrosion, since the sodium and chloride ions in salt water have less time to react with the metal. Really, the effect is negligible compared with the damage you can do your pots and pans by letting them wait around for hours or days until you wash them, so whether you add your salt at the beginning or the end isnt a big deal.

UPOWER your Way to an Effective Timed Essay

Every student has to write a timed essay at least once in their academic career. Timed essays, essay exams or in-class essays bring all your essay writing skills to play as they require you to put together an effective piece of writing in a limited amount of time. Although the task may seem daunting at first, it becomes easier if you follow a few simple steps outlined below. The Preparation Any piece of academic writing requires practice to master and timed essays are no exception. The key to mastering the art of writing a killer timed essay is to ace the following three main components of timed-essay writing: Outlining: All good essays come from good outlines. An outline helps you organize your thoughts in a systematic order. It provides you with an effective roadmap for your essay and helps you keep on track and focused. Prior to a test, practice giving outlines to three or four essay type questions that you think might appear on the test. Study Subjects: If you have a grasp on the subject matter at hand, you will be more likely to write an effective timed-essay. So, study for the essay as you would for any other exam. Take notes, read the material provided and attend lectures to sharpen your knowledge on the subject. Time Management: Most essay exams are a combination of short and long essay questions. Therefore, time management in these exams is all about distributing your time to each question based on the type of writer you consider yourself to be; single-draft writers work well under pressure, they should attempt short essay questions first and then move on to longer ones. Multi-draft writers work better in an environment with no time limits and revise each paragraph after writing it, they should attempt longer questions first and then move on to the shorter ones. The Power of UPOWER The UPOWER acronym stands for the different steps to write an effective timed essay. Understand the prompt: Underline key words and phrases of the prompt. You can rewrite the prompt to make more sense of the basic premise of the question. If a single prompt has multiple parts, try to ponder on them individually and then decide whether it would be more effective to tackle them separately or with one holistic answer. Pick a side: Most prompts necessitate the development of a main thesis or claim. Analyze the prompt to see if it provides you with a claim to defend or refute, if not, then establish one. If the answer doesn’t come to you right away, jot down a list of possible claims and choose the one you are most comfortable with. Outline: Make lists, idea maps or choose another way to make an outline for your essay. The outline should include your main thesis point and multiple supporting references. Write a thesis/introduction: Your introduction should basically include the main thesis point that you want to argue. However, if you have time, you may include a brief overview of the supporting evidence you will be presenting and a creative ‘hook’ to keep readers interested. E>vidence and Ending: Support your thesis statement with strong and relevant supporting evidence. Use a clear topic sentence or sub claim in each paragraph so as to remain on track. Use your time efficiently by only including viable sub claims. After completing the main body of the essay, add a conclusion. Remember, you may give a short conclusion but never leave your essay without one. Revise: After completing your essay, give it a test read. Check if your essay is fluid and consistent and if the body of your essay stays true to the thesis statement. Tweak away any misspellings or grammatical mistakes and that’s about it! Remember to always keep an eye on the clock. Aim to finish your exam well before time, but if you are short on time, jot down your remaining main ideas as graders may follow your line of thinking and like it enough to reward it.

Stream of Consciousness Novel - 1102 Words

The Development of the ‘Stream-of-Consciousness’ Technique in Modernist English Fiction (with Special Reference to the Contributions of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf) Arpan Adhikary The term ‘stream of consciousness’ as applied in literary criticism to designate a particular mode of prose narrative was first coined by philosopher William James in his book Principles of Psychology (1890) to describe the uninterrupted flow of perceptions, memories and thoughts in active human psyche. As a literary term, however, it denotes a certain narrative technique used in novels in which the narrator records in minute but somewhat abstract way whatever passes through his or her conscious mind. The socalled ‘stream of consciousness’ in a work of†¦show more content†¦The style is highly allusive and Joyce deliberately confuses the narrative by making a pastiche of the styles of several genres together while presenting the flows of the continuous thoughts of the principal characters. Here for the first time Joyce also employed the ‘interior monologue’ which is deemed to be the purest form of the ‘stream-of-consciousnessâ€⠄¢ mode. In Joyce’s third and last novel Finnegans Wake (1939) the complexity of the ‘stream-of-consciousness’ technique reaches its heights necessitating the text’s being one of the least read ones in any language. In this novel Joyce used around forty languages other than English and presented an awkwardly extensive range of literary, mythical, political and historical allusions while narrating the one-night dream sequence of the protagonist, a Dublin tavern-keeper named Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker. Apart from Joyce, Virginia Woolf also made remarkable contribution to the development of the ‘stream-of-consciousness’ mode in the modernist English fiction. In Mrs. Dalloway (1925) Woolf presents the diverse mental recourses of Clarissa Dalloway within the span of one single day, and in the interior monologue of Mrs. Dalloway the narrative breaks with the realistic mode in order to suit the inner reality of the narrator’s psyche which is different from the external reality by which she is surrounded. Similar intellectual cogency and finer technicalShow MoreRelatedStream of Consciousness in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway1354 Words   |  5 PagesStream of Consciousness in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway. â€Å"These novels may very well be within a category we can label stream of consciousness, so long as we know what we are talking about. The evidence reveals that we never do – or never have done so.† (5). (Humphrey, 1954). This quote from Robert Humphrey, author of Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel, is about the use of the writing technique, stream of consciousness, in novels such as James Joyce’s Ulysses and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway;Read MoreThe Success Of Stream Of Consciousness1178 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Success of Stream of Consciousness The stream of consciousness form of writing used in The Sound and The Fury helps the reader better understand the many dramatic events that take place in the novel with the Compson Family. The way Faulkner uses stream of consciousness throughout the novel is a unique way of getting his story across in a way that the reader is seeing the narrators point of view as opposed to just being told a story. Stream of consciousness is when the authorRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an â€Å"ordinary† or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ‘chapters’ in order to give an â€Å"ordinary† portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreThe Other Wes Moore Critical Analysis767 Words   |  4 Pagesworld is teeming with second chances and forgiveness, which is a recurring theme in the novel, The Other Wes Moore and the classic, The Scarlet Letter. The theme of second chances is supported throughout these narratives using the literary elements of imagery and str eam of consciousness. The subject matter of second chances is detected in the novel The Other Wes Moore through the use of stream of consciousness and imagery. After he had hit many low points in his life, the other Wes decided to changeRead MoreAnalysis Of About A Boy By Nick Hornby1243 Words   |  5 Pageshas used a range of aesthetic devices that shape character representation. An Aesthetic device is an element that authors intentionally use to create intellectual/emotional responses in their novel. This analytical essay will explore how Nick Hornby has used irony, point of view and stream of consciousness to shape character representation. Irony is a technique that is used (through a character or plot development) to convey an intention or attitude opposite to what is literally stated. In essenceRead MoreI Lay Dying By William Faulkner1017 Words   |  5 Pagesof Faulkner’s best novels to show off his unique writing style. His technique of using multiple perspectives in the novel contributes to the reader’s understanding of the ideas contained in the text. Faulkner uses a distinct type of narrative style called stream-of-consciousness to go about his story. The technique of stream-of-consciousness allows for the narration to be introduced as if the thoughts are being read as the characters are thinking them. Unlike conventional novels that write from aRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1594 Words   |  7 PagesJamie Anderson EL111 The purpose of this essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its coreRead MoreWilliam Woolf s The Lighthouse1480 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as writing as a stream-of-consciousness in order to present the experience, subconscious minds, and the conscious thoughts of characters. The sense of a clear authorial narrator is missing as Woolf describes the minds of her characters in poetic images and her free-flowing style allows Woolf to flit between different characters’ minds and examine experience through various shifting perspectives. The use of this form allows her to focus on particular moments within the novel, and the plot is createdRead MoreUse Of Stream Of Consciousness Techniques By William Faulkner1455 Words   |  6 Pageswriting, is recognized by its use of stream of consciousness techniques, a term coined by psychologist William James in 1890 (Pomerleau). This form of writing attempts to break free of previous literary conventions in an effort to portray thoughts and feelings as they are occurring. This allows the reader to catch a glimpse of a character’s true perspective of the story, unfiltered by the point of view of an omniscient narrator. Faulkner used stream of consciousness in most of his works, but in LightRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s The Artist As A Young Man1285 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION APortrait of the artist as a young man was the first novel of James Joyce. The novel talks about the religious and spiritual awakening of the protagonist. The narrative technique of the novel keeps the reader close to Stephen’s psyche. Even though the novel is not written in first person style, the author constantly takes us into his mind and keeps us aware of the mental changes taking place in Stephen. Stephen’s rise of consciousness can be linked with his intellectual growth which is reflected

herody The Imperfect Hero of Homers Odyssey Essay

The Imperfect Hero of The Odyssey In literature, a bold character or hero is often the principle character. In the epic poem The Odyssey there are many immortals, but only one hero, Odysseus. The differences between the immortals and the hero are few. The god-like Odysseus is plagued with the human weaknesses of pettiness, self-doubt, and dependence on the pity of others. Odysseus reveals his pettiness when he amuses himself with humorous guile. Odysseus not only uses his cunning at the expense of his enemies, but he also uses his cunning and guile as a way of entertaining himself. After Odysseus tells the Cyclops his name is Noman, Odysseus stabs Polyphemus in the eye and Polyphemus cries for help saying, Friends, Noman†¦show more content†¦Because Odysseus doesn’t want any guilt, he puts the blame on others and not himself. One example of this is after Odysseus kills all of the suitors. He explains to Eurycleia that the gods’ doom and [the suitor’s] reckless deeds destroyed them†¦So through their own perversity they met a dismal doom (220), so he should not be blamed. Odysseus’ avoidance of the responsibility is brought on by his arrogance. He thinks of himself to be above death. One of Homer’s epic similes illustrates Odysseus’ arrogance when he found them all laid low in blood and dust, and i n such numbers as the fish which fishermen draw to the shelving shore out of the foaming sea in meshy nets; these all, sick for the salt wave, lie heaped upon the sands, while the resplendent sun takes life away: so lay the suitors, heaped on one another (219). Odysseus thinks of the suitors as no more than fish. Taking responsibility comes form respect of others, so Odysseus can’t accept responsibility for something he doesn’t have respect for. When Odysseus is not being petty, he is troubled with doubt of his physical challenges. When guided by the immortal gods, Odysseus is quite confident, but when he is faced with a challenge by himself, or what appears to be by himself, he is filled with self-doubt. After Circe tells Odysseus of his next journey to Hades, Odysseus’ forehead rankles and he says, But, Circe, who will be my pilot on this

Loose Control Free Essays

Lily walked into the crowded cafà © and was greeted by the warm smell of freshly baked bread. Mrs Austell always made the most delicious bread, not that she had eaten much of it lately. The mouth watering smell of Mrs Austell’s home made loaf brought back bitter-sweet memories for Lily. We will write a custom essay sample on Loose Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Memories of when her life was happy. In control. Lily walked over to the cashier and began to place her order. â€Å"Can I have a bottle of mineral water and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she stared longingly at the array of chocolate bars on display. If she was really good for the rest of the day†¦ She shook the thought from her mind. Four hundred calories per bar, even if she was good for the rest of the day, it would still take ages to burn off. â€Å"†¦um, yeah that’s all thanks,† she finally said as she handed the cashier the money and went over to sit at the circular wooden table by the window. She had just started reading her favourite book when someone sat down next to her. She looked up to see a girl with greasy, peroxide blonde hair pulled back into a tight ponytail. Her ears glittering with fake gold hoops and playboy studs. â€Å"Awright orphan girl?† she asked, tauntingly. â€Å"Leave me alone Olivia,† answered Lily quietly. She tried to concentrate on her book. It was one of her favourites, and although she knew it back-to-front, it was still completely engrossing. It had been a present from her aunt that Christmas when†¦ She tried to hold back her tears, but it was too late, a lump had formed in her throat. She didn’t want to cry in front of Olivia, she was bad enough already. Just as Lily began to feel the first mournful tears form, a voice called her above the chatter of the cafà ©. Lily looked up to see Darcey striding through the cafe, her long fiery hair swishing behind her making her look as if she’d just stepped off the catwalk. â€Å"Oh.My.Gosh!† said Darcey as she sat down. â€Å"What?† asked Lily cheerfully, feigning a smile. â€Å"I got the contract!† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"I’ve signed with a model agency, Models one to be exact!† squealed Darcey. â€Å"Damn How to cite Loose Control, Papers

Evaluation of Business Plan Reuben Hills

Question: Discuss about theEvaluation of Business Planfor Reuben Hills. Answer: Introduction Reuben Hills has been determined to become one of the leading coffee shops situated in the heart of Sydney. A coffee shop is a place where people from different age groups come to distress themselves either to read a book or meet a close friend. The main target audience of Reuben Hills would be the young couples, students from the nearby universities to have a cup of coffee which is prepared from the best of the coffee beans. The coffee bar also compliments its target audience with brownies along with free books which their customers can read and enjoy the visit to the coffee bar (Ford, Bornstein, Pruitt Siegel, 2007). The main objective of Reuben Hills is to become one of the best - selling coffee shops in the area. Secondly, to maintain its gross profit by more than 60% and churn profits from the first month operation. The mission of Reuben Hills is to create a unique place where customers can come have a good time with their friends. The management head at Reuben Hills is to distress its customers in regards to friendly customer interaction, great ambience, providing best quality products convenient location (Young, 2007). It shall be seen that, Reuben Hills will invest its profits in order to increase the satisfaction amongst the employees have stable return for their shareholder. Market Analysis: Industry analysis: Coffee consumption has shown a rise of approximately 2.5% as compared to last decade. It has been witnessed that, retail of coffee is flourishing in Sydney. The local climate at Sydney helps the customers to have non - alcoholic beverages. Drinking coffee has become a status symbol part of the lifestyle in Sydney (Smith, 2016). Market Segmentation: Reuben Hills has focused mainly on the marketing activities in order to reach out to one of the largest audiences i.e. college students followed by the faculty members, people working in offices teenagers (Stutely, 2002). The following chart depicts the market segmentation of Reuben Hills: (Source: Ingram, 2016) Target Market Segmentation: The main target markets for Reuben Hills are those who want to sip a cup of coffee in a relaxed atmosphere. The segregation amongst customers can be made on the basis of age, occupation, location their taste and preferences (Quora.com, 2016). Coffee bar has been referred to as one of the favourite places for college students as they can meet their friends, read a book or study in some a beautiful atmosphere surrounded by the smell of the coffee beans. Market Needs: It has been evaluated that, the current market trends towards the consumers in Sydney also plays an important role in the growth of the coffee industry. Some of the factors which lead to an increase in the opportunity of coffee bars are small indulgencies for something exotic unique (McKeever, 2012). Competition Buying Patterns: The major competitors for Reuben Hills which have been witnessed in Sydney are Starbucks, Reuben Hills, Single origin roasters, Coffee Alchemy, Sample Coffee, Brewtown newton, Gumption and John Smith caf. Reuben Hills has made its place in the heart of the customers by the best - selling coffee beverage, cozy home like atmosphere to sit and relax (Lau, 2005). It has attained competitive edge by serving the body and mind of the customers. This will have helped Reuben Hills to grow its market share. One of the main reasons why a customer comes back to a specific coffee shop is because of its tasty coffee, home like atmosphere and prompt customer service. Selling premium and rich coffee has helped Reuben Hills to build a strong clientele base for near future (Morris, Heyer LaFlamme, n.d.). Marketing: Products: Reuben Hills offer its customers with the bestselling coffee beverage in its area. It shall be seen that, high quality coffee beans and products are utilised by the same. The store layout, menu cards other activities are focused to maximise the sales of the beverage along with coffee other refreshments such as brewed coffee, tea, brownies, sandwiches salads (Ingram, 2016). The customers would be given a complimentary free book or a magazine to read it inside the coffee bar. Product description: The main product offered by any coffee shop is espresso based coffee such as Latte, cappuccinos mochas. The product will be prepared with either wholesome, soy skimmed milk (Ghandour, 2014). The coffee beverages are prepared in the espresso machines by forcing hot water at a high pressure. These shots are then mixed with milk to make it the best - selling espresso. Sales techniques: Approximately 2,500 flyers have been distributed in the neighbourhood areas such as shopping malls, office buildings, etc. before the grand opening of Reuben Hills (Fullen, 2005). Strategies and Tactics The main focus of any business model is to earn levels of profits, get new customers, retain the existing ones get more customers who spend more and come back quite often. At Reuben Hills, the competitive edge has been attained by the following ways i.e. comfortable sofas and seating arrangements, dim lighting and relaxing music will help the customers to distress themselves from day to day arrangements (Ford, Bornstein, Pruitt Siegel, 2007). Another tactic which is used by Reuben Hills is to speed up the customer service Sales Forecast Sale forecast for Reuben Hills is depicted as follows: Sales forecast Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales Beverage 300,400 370,440 431,984 Coffee beans 90,600 97,260 100,000 Others (brownies, sandwiches, etc.) 193,000 174,700 174,656 Total Sales 584,000 642,400 706,640 Direct Cost of Sales (DCOS) Beverage 90,600 97,260 100,000 Coffee beans 44,000 48,200 51,900 Others (brownies, sandwiches, pastries, etc) 69,800 79,380 95,424 Direct cost of sales subtotal 204,400 224,840 247,324 Financial Plan Some of the start-up expenses to be borne by Reuben Hills have been listed as under: To attain license permits along with various accounting services will amount to AUD 1,300 Promotional expenses for the opening of the Reuben Hills would amount to AUD 3,500 along with printing of the flyers @ AUD 0.04 (Abrams, 2003) Fees for the consultant who would help to set the Reuben Hills would be AUD 3,000. Other petty expenses such as stationery items utility deposits Some of the start-up assets which have been attained by Reuben Hills as follows: Operating capital worth AUD 67,123 (inclusive of employee own salaries) Inventory costs such as AUD 16,000 (which includes 12 different types of coffee beans; retail supplies such as cleaning material, paper napkins, trays, serving plates, spoons, glasses coffee mugs) Total amount reserved for equipment to be used at Reuben Hills such as espresso machine, coffee maker, grinder, other service equipments such as microwave, refrigerator, dish washer, toaster and other miscellaneous expenses (Abrams, 2003). There are two main ways from which Reuben Hills will procure its funds i.e. loans from bank investments from its owners. It shall be seen that, the plan to operate coffee bar in Sydney has been completed within the desired budget. This marks the success of the business plan. It shall also be evaluated that, the coffee bar had started to churn profits from the first month of its operations. There are certain assumptions which have been made by Reuben Hills which have been depicted as under: General Assumptions 1st year 2nd year 3rd year Current interest rate 9.8% 9.8% 9.8% Long term interest rate 10% 10% 10% Tax rate 25% 25% 25% Cash Flow: Based upon the evaluation of Cash Flow for Reuben Hills the following cash position for the same has been witnessed. (Source: Abrams, 2003) As we look at the cash flow chart, it is seen that the company has maintained healthy cash flow which will help them to pay off its debt and use the funds in the best possible manner. Cash Flow (AUD) 1st year 2nd year 3rd year Cash sales 584,000 642,000 706,640 Cash from operations 584,000 642,000 706,640 Sales Tax 0 0 0 Borrowings 0 0 0 Cash received 584,000 642,000 706,640 Expenditure Cash Spent 130,000 153,800 170,144 Bill payments 322,465 378,715 405,945 Spending on operations 452,465 532,515 576,089 Current borrowings 3000 3000 3000 Long term liabilities 0 4885 4761 Purchase long term assets 0 1000 1500 Cash spent 455,465 541,400 585,350 Net cash flow 128,235 101,000 121,290 Critical Risks There are various types of risks when starting a coffee shop some of them have been discussed as under: Choice of an unsustainable location: Location plays an important role in success of any business model. The location of the coffee bar shall be in close proximity of its target audience. The coffee bar shall be easily located by the target group in all weather conditions. Renting a property on busy streets might look attractive but the rent for the same will be a major constraint. Therefore, it is not always a good idea to have a business location on such streets (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2008). Inefficient espresso workstation: A proper space shall be utilised by the baristas to carry out their high demand work in the best possible manner. It is an important task to ensure less movement in that particular area (Morris, Heyer LaFlamme, n.d.). Breakdown and spoilt food: Coffee bars are known for its cooking and use of various equipments. The owners of the coffee bars shall be prepared for unexpected fail of the equipment (Daniels, 2002). For example, fire insurance is one of the main insurance which shall be catered to in any restaurant or coffee business. Failing refrigerators can also lead the perishable items to go waste. Food poisoning: Legal action can be taken in case a customer suffers from food poisoning from the meal provided by your business. Such types of costs are referred to as hard hitting for the caf. Therefore, product liability insurance comes into place for such type of business model (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2008). While operating such businesses one should take care of proper hygiene and food handling practices. Fire damage: It shall be kept in mind that, in case of restaurant/ caf business fire can occur from any of the electrical equipments which are used in the business. Fire insurance shall be done by the business owner to cover any type of fire damage during various events such as rain, hail storms, etc (Abrams, 2003). Injuries to customer: Injuries to customer in form of illness or damage to customer by spilling or falling due to wet floor are some common instances which occur while operating caf businesses. In such cases, public liability has been referred to as a crucial factor in caf businesses. Some of the costs which are covered under the same are medical expenses, legal fees and other compensation for damaged property (Cooper, McNeill, Floody Cooper, 2005). Recommendations Conclusion Some of the recommendations to Reuben Hills have been listed as follows. They are as under: Loyalty programs: Loyalty programs are a must for coffee shops. Loyalty program in coffee shops can be as simple as a free cup of coffee for a coffee lover. This will help to enhance the customer experience and he/she will cherish this moment always. Offering a free Wi-Fi connection refers to another example of loyalty program at the coffee shop. Promotional advertising: Use of various advertising promotional activities together will help to enhance the shopping experience in a coffee shop. Free coupons in the local newspaper magazines shall be used in order to make the presence felt by the target group. In house advertising: In house advertising refers to clear visible store signage, people walking on the road, etc. Selection of the name of the coffee shop also plays an important role in enhancing the coffee experience. References Abrams, R. (2003).The successful business plan. 1st ed. Palto Alto, Calif.: Planning Shop. Barrow, C., Barrow, P. and Brown, R. (2008).The business plan workbook. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page. Cooper, B., McNeill, G., Floody, B. and Cooper, B. (2005).Start and run a restaurant business. 1st ed. Bellingham, Wash.: Self-Counsel Press. Daniels, P. (2002).Restaurant business start-up guide. 1st ed. Chino Hills, Calif.: Venture Marketing. Ford, B., Bornstein, J., Pruitt, P. and Siegel, E. (2007).The Ernst Young business plan guide. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley Sons. Fullen, S. (2005).Opening a restaurant or other food business starter kit. 1st ed. Ocala, Fla.: Atlantic Pub. Group. Ghandour, A. (2014). Identifying Dimensions of Business Continuity Plan from Common Expressions among Business Continuity Professionals.International Journal of Business Administration, 5(3). Global Action Plan: EcoTeams. (2012).Social Business, 2(1), pp.49-59. Ingram, D. (2016).Coffee Shop Marketing Strategies. [online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/coffee-shop-marketing-strategies-10413.html [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Lau, L. (2005).Managing business with SAP. 1st ed. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub. McKeever, M. (2012).How to write a business plan. 1st ed. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Morris, D., Heyer, C. and LaFlamme, L. (n.d.).The successful coffee house. 1st ed. Pinson, L. (2008).Anatomy of a business plan. 1st ed. Tustin, CA: Out of Your Mind and Into the Marketplace. Quora.com. (2016).When starting a coffee shop, what are the major risks to look out for? - Quora. [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/When-starting-a-coffee-shop-what-are-the-major-risks-to-look-out-for [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Restaurant marketing. (2007). 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Smith, L. (2016).The top five risks for cafes and restaurants. [online] Hospitality. Available at: https://www.hospitalitymagazine.com.au/Management/The-top-five-risks-for-cafes-and-restaurants [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Stutely, R. (2002).The definitive business plan. 1st ed. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Young, P. (2007).Business plan. 1st ed. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media.

The Fall of Rome free essay sample

Internally, Rome dealt with many political, economical, and social issues that tremendously aided the decline. Likewise, as Rome was going through these many internal issues, they were dealt with an external force known as, invaders who were determined to overrun Rome and it’s empire. Since Rome slowly began dealing with the many negative issues that were occurring internally and externally, they eventually were unable to mend the issues that they were faced with and slowly came to their fall. As their empire began to decline, Rome had to deal with many internal issues that dealt with political, economical, and social drawbacks. As the decline was beginning, Rome dealt with many political corruptions that affected their government and the supporters of the government. Surprisingly, one of Rome’s biggest political corruptions involved the difficulty of choosing a new emperor and the troubles they would have uniting with each other versus the chosen action of plotting against each other for control. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fall of Rome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since there was no predetermined course of action for choosing the next emperor, it was simply open for debate between the old emperor, the Praetorian Guard, the army, and the Senate. As each of these individuals had different wants for their emperor, during a hundred year span Rome went through thirty-seven different emperors, twenty-five of whom were unfortunately removed due to assassination. Because of the rapid changing of Roman control, this created weakness amongst the Roman Empire and contributed to the decline and fall of the empire. As the emperors proved difficulty in maintaining the powerful reign of the Roman Empire, citizens were able to see the struggles and eventually began to grow interest for their life style and luxuries and consequently, lost government interest and loyalty. With a continual rotation of new emperors, a diminishing citizen support, and an empire that was beginning to be too large to control, Rome was finding itself continuing to decline in more ways than one. As Rome’s political issues continued to affect their success as a powerful reign, they continued to deal with economical issues that had many negative affects on the citizens. Just as an empire cannot run smoothly without proper ruling, an empire also has difficulty maintaining its power when its citizens are going through economical difficulties. For example, the citizens were constantly dealing with unemployment, taxation, and a decrease in trade. As money has forever been a necessity for upholding successful lifestyles, luxuries, and empires, the Roman Empire and its citizens suffered drastically through these difficulties. Since slavery became well known amongst the wealthy men, more and more wealthy men were wanting to have slaves do their farming instead of the farmers who would cost them money and cause them a loss in profit. In response to the slavery epidemic, the citizens had to deal with the loss of employment, which led to gradual unemployment. Additionally, because there were inflation issues that were arising due to the lack of gold coins and an increase in taxation in order to support the military and public infrastructures, the empire continued to decline because the citizens were continuing to deal with economic hardships. Lastly, in addition to the political and economical issues that contributed to the decline of Rome, the empire also had to deal with social aspects that created difficulties within the empire. As the empire continued to decline, the gradual social changes that contributed to the decline included the spread of Christianity, loss of citizen’s confidence and support, and the multiple cultures that existed. Christianity was slowly introduced to the empire and although it was not widely discouraged in the beginning, it took away power from the emperor and conflicted with the working of the empire. Additionally, the empire dealt with a loss of citizen’s confidence and their support because they did not have faith in the government anymore and did not feel taken care of by the government. During the decline of the empire, the rich controlled about ninety percent of the wealth and as the middle class was shrinking, the poor class reduced to merely surviving on public welfare. With a declining empire that was dealing with many different issues and the addition of multiple cultures and religions to choose from, the empire continued to fall apart because they were slowly diminishing their unity and power. As if these internal issues were not significant enough to bring hardships to the Roman Empire, at this same time, the empire was dealt with invaders, the Barbarians who were determined to overrun the empire. Since the Roman army was responsible for protecting the borders and keeping the Barbarians and other enemies away, the Roman Empire had much difficulty when the army was recalled from the border and sent out to Italy to fight the civil war. With the removal of the army and the opening of the borders, the Roman border was open to attack and guaranteed to be invaded. As the Barbarians began to attack and overtake the Roman lands, their Germanic general Odacer overthrew the last of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and began to overtake the western part of the empire. As everything that once remained of the Roman Empire slowly started to disappear, 476 AD finally marked the final fall of the Roman Empire. After over a five hundred year stretch and the many successes of the Roman Empire, the reign eventually had to come to an end and come to be the fall of Rome. Though it is known as the â€Å"fall† of Rome, it may or may not be accurate to describe it as such. Because the Roman Empire was such a powerful empire that once conquered and obtained so much, it is easy to refer to the Roman Empire’s decline as the fall of Rome. Since the Roman Empire went from such a powerful empire to an empire that eventually got completely taken over by the Germanic barbarians, it is obvious to see how the Roman Empire experienced a drastic, and negative fall. Oppositely though, it could be inaccurate to describe it as the â€Å"fall† of Rome because the Roman Empire’s infrastructure and remnants did not fall. So although the Roman Empire did not physically endure a drastic â€Å"fall† of their remnants and infrastructures, they did endure a gradual decline in their empire, both internally and externally, that finally led to the end or â€Å"fall† of Rome.

Free Online Plato Sample Essay

Free Online Plato Sample EssayYou are probably aware that you can search for the information in Plato Sample Essay and save hundreds of dollars on your college education. The problem is, you didn't know there was such a thing as saving money on college. College doesn't have to cost thousands of dollars and it doesn't have to cost you thousands of dollars either.Every college in America, needs to be profitable and college tuition is already very expensive. The money spent on books alone is already enough to make an education prohibitively expensive for the average student. There are so many scholarships available that even if you don't receive one, you'll still come out ahead because it's free money. However, you will need to find the best scholarship that covers your specific expenses for college.As you get closer to graduation, you realize that you may not be able to afford the entire cost of college. This may be a good time to begin applying for scholarships. College loans have bec ome too expensive, but scholarships can help you out even further. It isn't difficult to find scholarships, and you'll be able to get as much as $10,000 to go to school without having to use student loans.An important feature of the college scholarship offers is that they will have a Plato Sample Essay attached to them. They will allow you to examine the questions, compare the questions and answer the questions. If you want to find the best college scholarship offer, this is the right way to go about it.The majority of these scholarships will let you choose how many scholarships you're eligible for. They also allow you to apply for all kinds of different scholarships. If you really want to maximize your scholarships, you'll have to try as many as possible.You will be required to fill out a form when you submit your application for a scholarship. Most of these scholarships require you to pay some sort of fee, but there are many that don't. Most of the best scholarships require you to have at least a minimum GPA, but there are scholarships that will give you a higher GPA.Colleges do have some rules and regulations when it comes to their financial aid programs. However, there are many grants that are given to students who have a certain set of qualities. These grants aren't considered financial aid and they can be given to any student.There is money available for college and you just have to find the best offer. When you compare the different offers, you'll be able to find the scholarships that are the most beneficial to you. It doesn't matter if you're just in the process of applying for college or you have already graduated.

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Free Essays on Soc

Social movements When George Wallace took office of as the governor of Alabama, he declared â€Å"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever†, transformed our society with social movement. Social movement is a conscious effort to bring about or prevent changes. (470) Social movement are more structured than other forms of collective behavior, although they might not be centrally matched. The civil rights movement has within it numerous organizations, recognized leaders, and sets of roles and statuses. A group of people can stand together and protest for a couple of hours, but a movement can last for years. Most social movements try to make changes, but they get unfair changes. In chapter 15 social movement is classified into four types. The first one is Revolutionary movement, is for total major change in society. Revolutionary movements typically resorts to violence or some other illegal action. The second one is Reform movements, look for only a incomplete change in society. They support the existing social system as a whole, but they try most to improve the system by taking away its blemishes, most through legal issues. The third type is Resistance movements, which look to preserve an existing system by refuse to go along with social change. For example the Ku Klux Klan try to racial integration. The four type is Expressive movement, wants to change the individual, not the society. Most are religious, aimed at converting individuals to particular faith. (448) The causes of social movement are that there are so many thing for people to do in the world like work, shop, hunt, etc.. According to Eric Hoofer’s frustration theory people that participate in social movements are troubled and use social movement for a scapegoat to hid away from their own problems. That many lead us to the answer to the question in chapter 15 asking (Why would people instead spend their time promoting a social movement?)... Free Essays on Soc Free Essays on Soc Social movements When George Wallace took office of as the governor of Alabama, he declared â€Å"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever†, transformed our society with social movement. Social movement is a conscious effort to bring about or prevent changes. (470) Social movement are more structured than other forms of collective behavior, although they might not be centrally matched. The civil rights movement has within it numerous organizations, recognized leaders, and sets of roles and statuses. A group of people can stand together and protest for a couple of hours, but a movement can last for years. Most social movements try to make changes, but they get unfair changes. In chapter 15 social movement is classified into four types. The first one is Revolutionary movement, is for total major change in society. Revolutionary movements typically resorts to violence or some other illegal action. The second one is Reform movements, look for only a incomplete change in society. They support the existing social system as a whole, but they try most to improve the system by taking away its blemishes, most through legal issues. The third type is Resistance movements, which look to preserve an existing system by refuse to go along with social change. For example the Ku Klux Klan try to racial integration. The four type is Expressive movement, wants to change the individual, not the society. Most are religious, aimed at converting individuals to particular faith. (448) The causes of social movement are that there are so many thing for people to do in the world like work, shop, hunt, etc.. According to Eric Hoofer’s frustration theory people that participate in social movements are troubled and use social movement for a scapegoat to hid away from their own problems. That many lead us to the answer to the question in chapter 15 asking (Why would people instead spend their time promoting a social movement?)...

Customer Service Interview Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Service Interview - Coursework Example Once the customers are given excellent service, they will be happy to do another transaction with the company and even recommend it to their friends and colleagues (Zemke & Woods, 1998). Still it is already assumed that every once in a while customers will ask or complain about something that is obviously the reason why companies have customer care services. To have an idea on how customer complaints are handled, an interview with Ms. V. Siva, a customer service representative of Dish Network was conducted. According to her, customer service representatives play a vital role in an organization. As a part of the customer service team, it is their responsibility to provide outstanding customer service and help the management obtains ideas for product innovation from the given customers feedback and recommendation. Ms. Siva often receives calls from customers who wish to cancel their subscription. Other customers complain about their bills, while some are just asking for information reg arding their services and packages (personal communication, July 8, 2011). Those are the common day-to-day dilemma of the Dish Network subscribers. It shows that there are really no exemptions when it comes to customer service complaints, no matter how big a company is, because customer complaints cannot be avoided although it can be lessened. ... Its major competitor is DirecTV Group, Inc. (â€Å"Profile: Dish Network Corp,† 2011). Last April 2011, the company was able to purchase Blockbuster a home video and video game rental services company (Henry, 2011) and just recently, the company acquired ownership of Terrestar Network, a mobile communications company (Avery, 2011). Dish Network’s consecutive acquisition of bankrupt companies allows them to venture into other forms of home video and television services, attracting more and more subscribers in the country. As the people of this modern era seek for convenience and entertainment in the comforts of their home, Dish Network is able to give them the many available options for home entertainment. Even though the company has undergone major developments, it does not mean that they are exempted from receiving customer complaints. Customer complaints are part of the business cycle. The interview proves that like any other company Dish Network also has issues with their customer services. It is the common perception of most companies that when they are able to earn a profit that is more than enough to sustain the overall operation of their organization, their marketing strategy is effective. Actually it is true, their marketing strategy is effective but what is overlooked in this situation is in the area of customer service. Well it is good to focus on how to increase profit but it would not be good to set aside the concerns of the customers. If the company is serious with its intention to fully satisfy the customers, it must be able to provide outstanding customer services. On a positive note, one can say that the complaints encountered by the company are not

Globalization. Its Positive And Negative Effects Essay

Globalization. Its Positive And Negative Effects - Essay Example It is not possible to define Globalization in terms of integration or internationalization as has been suggested by some theorists. Globalization describes the interplay within cultures of macro-social forces (Basu 2008, p.29). Such forces include politics, economics, and religion. Discussion Globalization can universalize and erode a local group’s characteristics. It has significant social, business and economic implications. Major factors in globalization are Advances in telecommunications infrastructure and transportation including the emergence of the Internet. They generate further interdependence of cultural and economic activities. Since the mid 1980s use of the word globalization has been on the rise; further, environmental challenges like cross-boundary air and water pollution, over-fishing of the ocean and climate change are associated with globalization (Zurich, Cairns and Ramaphosa 2000, p.219). Globalizing processes are affected by the natural environment, work an d business organization, socio-cultural resources, and economics. Globalization is a process that leads to some substantial changes for businesses and markets to address the expansion of trade in services and goods between countries, increased labor migration levels, internationalization of services and products and development of global brands. Globalization also leads to increased labor migration levels, changes in consumption and production such as the expansion of off shoring and outsourcing of support and production services. It also leads to the entry of nations into the worldwide trading system including former nations of the Soviet bloc and China. A major outcome of globalization is the growing inter-dependence of economies. For instance, most countries in the world depend on each other for macroeconomic health, and economies of newly industrializing countries are growing faster than rich developed nations and they are winning an increasing share of world trade (Stiglitz 200 3, p.39). In 2000, the IMF; International Monetary Fund named four primary aspects of globalization; investment and capital movements, transactions and trade, dissemination of knowledge and movement and migration of persons. With regard to transactions and trade, developing nations increased their share of global trade, from 1971’s 19 % to 1999’s 29 %. Nevertheless, there is massive variation among key regions. For example, the NIEs; newly industrialized economies of Asia succeeded, but African nations as a whole did not prosper. The makeup of a nation’s exports is a vital indicator for success. Manufactured products exports soared, dominated by NIEs and developed countries. Commodity exports, such as raw materials and food were commonly produced by developing nations. As a result of this, investment and capital flow can be identified as another primary feature of globalization. The movement of Private capital to developing nations soared in the 1990s, replacing development or "aid" assistance which dropped substantially after the early 1980s. FDI; Foreign Direct Investment became the most vital category. Bank credit and portfolio investment increased although they have remained volatile, falling steeply in the wake of late 1990s financial crisis (Basu 2008, p.30). The movement and migration of individuals can also be identified as an important aspect of the process of globalization. Between 1965 and 1990, the migration of labor forces approximately doubled. A lot of migration occurred between LDCs; Least Developed Countries and

Linking observation of children to developmental theory and policy

Linking observation of children to developmental theory and policy Written Report Linking Observation of Children to Developmental Theory and Policy Watching and listening to children is an important part of a Nursery Practitioners role. This is how we learn what stage of development a child has reached. Bowlby states â€Å"a further principle of the theory of learning is that an individual cannot learn a skill unless he has a friendly feeling towards his teacher.† (pg65) Observations enable you to compare to the expected development milestones which are the basis of our Social policy they are Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage and the Every Child Matters documents. As all children develop at their own pace, there are influences that affect the rate at which a child develops, and these are environmental and also genetic. A childs surroundings, their family, and culture are very important in placing particular emphasis on some aspects rather than others. Rousseau proposed† that development proceeds according to an inner, biological timetable; we have a picture of development unfolding fairly independently from environmental influences. Children are no longer simply shaped by external forces, such as adult teachings and social reinforcements. They grow and learn largely on their own, according to natures plan. We call this method â€Å"Biological Maturation.† Within the first week of a child starting in the nursery setting, an initial child profile checklist is carried out. This profile gives the basis for the key person to discover at what stage of Early Years Foundation Development the child has currently reached; it also aids the key person in planning activities to assist in the childs development in moving on to the next stage. Practitioners will also be able to see any child development concerns. This can assist the key person in devising an individual educational plan if necessary. The methods of observations used for this report are a Sociogram and a Developmental Checklist. However these observations are only a snap shot of the overall development of the child. The aim of this Sociogram is to discover what child As interests are; who she interacts with; and what stages of development she has reached. Art Area Painting Choosing painting Putting apron on correctly Asking for help Painting lines and circle Writing L for name Speaks to child B Home Corner Dresses doll Speaks to doll Has conversation with child C explains what she is doing Book Area Talks to staff about rules Speaks to child D and E about rules Reads story to two children. The checklist focuss on the physical and intellectual development of child A as we can see from the checklist, the childs physical development is on line with the milestones stated. Also intellectual assessment is on line with Early Years Foundation Stage and Mary D Sheridan From birth to Five Years. E. Y. F. S. Personal, Social, Emotional Making Relationships 30-50 months Form friendships with other children. Demonstrate flexibility and adapt their behaviour to different events. 40-60 months Value and contribute to own well-being and self-control. Early LearningGoal 40-60+ months. Form good relationships with adults and peers. Sheridan 4 years Inclined to verbal impertinence with adults and quarrelling with playmates when wishes crossed. Bandura said â€Å"in social settings, we learn a great deal through imitation, and imitation involves cognitive processes.† (Cited Theories of Development). Dispositions and Attitudes 30-50 months Shows confidence in linking up with others for support and guidance. E.Y.F.S Communication, Language, Literacy Language for Communication 30-50 months Use intonation, rhythm and phrasing to make their meaning clear to others. Responds to simple instructions. 40-60 months Have confidence to speak to others about their own wants and interests. Linking sounds and letters 40-60 months Hear and say the initial sound in words and know which letters represent some of the sounds. Vygotsky states the acquisition of speech is of a major importance to the growing child, it enables the child to participate in the social life of his or her group. ` Sheridan 3years Hearing and Speech Large vocabulary intelligible even to strangers, but speech still shows many infantile phonetic substitutions and unconventional grammatical forms. Speech modulating in loudness and range of pitch. 4 years Matches and names four primary colours correctly. Reading 30-50 months Handle books carefully. Begin to be aware of the way stories are structured. Know information can be relayed in the form of print. Hold books the correct way up and turn pages. Writing 30-50 Sometimes give meaning to the marks they make. Montessori claims â€Å"four year olds usually master writing before reading. This is because writing is the more concrete and sensory activity and therefore better suits the young childs style of learning.†(Cited Theories of Development). Handwriting 30-50 months Use one handed tools. Draw lines and circles using gross motor skills. 40-60 months Begin to form recognisable letters. Sheridan 4 years Holds and uses a pencil with good control in adult fashion. Montessori says first, the child is shown how to hold a pencil and then practices drawing by staying within outlines. (CitedTheories and Development). E.Y.F.S Knowledge, Understanding of the World Exploration and investigation 22-36months Use others as sources of information and learning. Brunner believed children can do more if they have guidance and help from another person who is more experienced than themselves whether it is peer or an adult. His scaffold approach, giving the child more support at first then reducing that support as the child becomes secure (Brunner 1973). Time 30-50 months Remember and talk about significant events in their own experience E.Y.F.S Creative Development Developing Imaginative play 40-60 months Play alongside other children who are engaged in the same theme E.Y.F.S Physical Development Using Equipment and Materials 30-50 months Engage in activities requiring hand eye co-ordination. Show increasing control over clothing and fastenings. Sheridan 4 years Posture and Large Movement Walks or runs alone up and down stairs using one foot to a stair. Advantages and Disadvantages The methods of observations used had advantages and disadvantages the Sociogram disadvantages:- Subject to considerable distortion. Another child may need your attention; therefore you may have to stop and start again. Also another member of staff can not take over form you. A lot of language can take place which is not obvious in the Sociogram. Not explanatory for parents. Advantages:- 1. Shows how many contacts a child has during the time observed. â€Å"Interesting to test out the theories that young children are more likely to have changing friends† states(Sharman C et al) Checklist disadvantages:- Children dont always perform to order. A lot of language can take place which is not obvious in the checklist. Parents can miss interpret results. Information is closed data. Advantages:- You can put checklist down and return to it later. Quick and easy way to record. Any colleague can take over from you. You are able to identify a need while you are doing this. Does not require completion in one day. Does not require to be filled in the order given. Its an on going profile for the Early Years Foundation Stage Development. Evaluation The milestones for a four year old (Sheridan) states â€Å"walks up and down stairs alone one foot to a stair and matches and names four primary colours correctly† (pg 55); child A is 3 years 3months. This shows us that she is above her milestone development. Child A interacts well with staff and relates well to her peers; she thoroughly enjoys books and taking the lead and reading stories to her peers; a lot of the time from memory. The information gathered does not give a holistic view of the child but of her performance on the day the observations were carried out. Conclusion As we have assessed child As milestones through the observations we now know that she has reached the milestones relevant for her age range. We also note that she has reached several developmental milestones in the next stage of her development. Other methods of observation used in the setting are Target child and Time sample along with photographic observations. We know that childrens development is not straight forward and that they all develop at a different speed, so for the practitioners to be able to monitor these milestones they need to have the knowledge and social policies in place to be able refer to them. Sharman, Cross and Vennis say â€Å"The most appropriate way to monitor progress and compare it with what we are learning, or know, about the way children and young people mature and develop, is to understand observation.† ( Sharmon C, viii 2006 ).